OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

How does the process of transpiration impact nutrient absorption in plants?

1. It prevents nutrient absorption

2. It encourages nutrient absorption with water

3. It limits nutrient access

4. It only absorbs macro-nutrients

The correct answer is: It encourages nutrient absorption with water

Transpiration plays a critical role in the overall nutrient absorption process in plants. As water is lost from the leaves through tiny openings called stomata, a negative pressure is created within the plant's vascular system, particularly in the xylem. This creates a pull that draws more water from the soil into the roots. When water enters the plant through the roots, it carries dissolved minerals and nutrients from the soil. Therefore, as transpiration occurs, it effectively encourages the flow of nutrient-rich water from the soil, enhancing the plant’s ability to absorb essential nutrients. This continuous movement of water not only helps in transporting nutrients but also maintains overall plant health by supporting various physiological processes. In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the role of transpiration in nutrient absorption. For example, preventing or limiting nutrient absorption contradicts the fundamental function of transpiration, while referencing only macro-nutrients does not capture the full scope of nutrient uptake, which includes both macro and micro-nutrients. Thus, the statement that transpiration encourages nutrient absorption through the transportation of water is correct.